1.5 cm stone in the lower calyx

Optimal Management of Lower Polar Calyceal Stone 15 to 20 mm

PURPOSE To compare the stone clearance rate, efficiency quotient (EQ), and early complications of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for solitary lower-pole renal stones measuring 15 to 20 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective matched-pair analysis of 142 patients (78 in the SWL and 64 in the PCNL group). Preoperative imaging was done by use of n...

ROTATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF NEW BANDS IN THE NO , EXCITATION SPECTRUM IN THE SPECTRAL RANGE OF 15600 cm TO 15633 cm

Sub-Doppler excitation spectroscopy in a collimated cold supersonic beam of 5% NO seeded in argon has been performed with a spectral resolution down to 10 MHz for four vibronic bands within the perturbed B ?X A system of NO . The rotational temperature of about 15 K achieved by adiabatic cooling allows the separation of closely lying vibronic bands which overlap in absorption spectra ...

Lower Bounds for the Exponential Domination Number of Cm × Cn

A vertex v in an exponential dominating set assigns weight ( 1 2 )dist(v,u) to vertex u. An exponential dominating set of a graph G is a subset of V (G) such that every vertex in V (G) has been assigned a sum weight of at least 1. In this paper the exponential dominating number for the graph Cm × Cn, denoted by γe(Cm × Cn) is discussed. Anderson et. al. [1] proved that mn 15.875 ≤ γe(Cm × Cn) ≤...

A lower bound for the crossing number of Cm × Cn

Retrograde upper-pole calyceal access for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy of stones in the lower-pole calyx

OBJECTIVE To present the results of upper calyceal access during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for stones in the lower calyx, as PCNL is considered the most effective minimally invasive surgery for managing lower calyceal stones, with percutaneous access either directly to the lower calyx or through an upper or middle calyx. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 76 patients with sin...